business law . since 2005
1.1 Article 1. Governing scope1.2 Article 2. Applicable entities1.3 Article 3. Subject matter of intellectual property rights1.4 Article 4. Interpretation of terms1.5 Article 5. Application of laws1.6 Article 6. Grounds for the generation and establishment of intellectual property rights1.7 Article 7. Limitations on intellectual property rights1.8 Article 8. Policies of the State on intellectual property1.9 Article 9. Right and responsibility of organizations and individuals in the protection of intellectual property rights1.10 Article 10. Contents of State administration of intellectual property1.11 Article 11. Responsibility for State administration of intellectual property1.12 Article 12. intellectual property fees and charges
4.1 Article 13. Authors and copyright holders with works which are protected by copyright4.2 Article 14. Types of works which are protected by copyright4.3 Article 15. Subject matter outside the category of copyright protection
5.1 Article 16. Organizations and individuals eligible for protection of related rights5.2 Article 17. Subject matter of related rights eligible for protection
7.1 Article 18. Copyright7.2 Article 19. Moral rights7.3 Article 20. Economic rights7.4 Article 21. Copyright in cinematographic works and dramatic works7.5 Article 22. Copyright in computer programs and data collections7.6 Article 23. Copyright in folklore and folk art works7.7 Article 24. Copyright in literary, artistic and scientific works7.8 Article 25. Cases when published works may be used without having to seek permission or pay royalties or remuneration7.9 Article 26. Cases when published works may be used without having to seek permission but royalties or remuneration must be paid7.10 Article 27. Term of copyright protection7.11 Article 28. Conduct constituting infringement of copyright
8.1 Article 29. Rights of performers8.2 Article 30. Rights of producers of audio and visual fixation8.3 Article 31. Rights of broadcasting organizations8.4 Article 32. Cases when related rights may be exercised without having to seek permission or pay royalties or remuneration8.5 Article 33. Cases when related rights may be exercised without having to seek permission but when royalties or remuneration must be paid8.6 Article 34. Term of protection of related rights8.7 Article 35. Conduct constituting infringement of related rights
9.1 Article 36. Copyright holders9.2 Article 37. Copyright holders being authors9.3 Article 38. Copyright holders being co-authors9.4 Article 39. Copyright holders being organizations and individuals who assign tasks to authors or who enter into contracts with authors9.5 Article 40. Copyright holders being heirs9.6 Article 41. Copyright holders being assignees of rights9.7 Article 42. Copyright holders being the State9.8 Article 43. Works belonging to the public9.9 Article 44. Related right holders
11.1 Article 45. General provisions on assignment of copyright and related rights11.2 Article 46. Contracts for the assignment of copyright or related rights12 Section 2. LICENSING OF COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS12.1 Article 47. General provisions on licensing of copyright and related rights12.2 Article 48. Contracts for the licensing of copyright or related rights
13.1 Article 49. Registration of copyright and related rights13.2 Article 50. Applications for registration of copyright or related rights13.3 Article 51. Authority to grant registered copyright certificates and registered related rights certificates13.4 Article 52. Time-limit for granting registered copyright certificates and registered related rights certificates13.5 Article 53. Validity of registered copyright certificates and registered related rights certificates13.6 Article 54. Official recording and publication of registered copyright and registered related rights13.7 Article 55. Re-grant, renewal and cancellation of effectiveness of registered copyright certificates and registered related rights certificates
14.1 Article 56. Organizations acting as collective representatives of copyright or related rights14.2 Article 57. Consultancy and service organizations regarding copyright and related rights
17.1 Article 58. General conditions for inventions to be eligible for protection17.2 Article 59. Objects ineligible for protection as inventions17.3 Article 60. Novelty of inventions17.4 Article 61. Inventive nature of inventions17.5 Article 62. Inventions which are susceptible of industrial application
18.1 Article 63. General conditions for industrial designs to be eligible for protection18.2 Article 64. Objects ineligible for protection as industrial designs18.3 Article 65. Novelty of industrial designs18.4 Article 66. Creativity of industrial designs18.5 Article 67. Industrial designs which are susceptible of industrial application
19.1 Article 68 General conditions for layout designs to be eligible for protection19.2 Article 69. Objects ineligible for protection as layout designs19.3 Article 70. Originality of layout designs19.4 Article 71. Commercial novelty of layout designs
20.1 Article 72. General conditions for marks to be eligible for protection20.2 Article 73. Signs ineligible for protection as marks20.3 Article 74. Distinctiveness of marks20.4 Article 75. Criteria for evaluation of whether or not a mark is well known
21.1 Article 76. General conditions for trade names to be eligible for protection21.2 Article 77. Objects ineligible for protection as trade names21.3 Article 78. Distinctiveness of trade names
22.1 Article 79. General conditions for geographical indications to be eligible for protection22.2 Article 80. Objects ineligible for protection as geographical indications22.3 Article 81. Reputation, quality and characteristics of products bearing geographical indications22.4 Article 82. Geographical conditions relevant to geographical indications22.5 Article 83. Geographical areas bearing geographical indications
23.1 Article 84. General conditions for trade secrets to be eligible for protection23.2 Article 85. Objects ineligible for protection as trade secrets
25.1 Article 86. Right to register inventions, industrial designs and layout designs25.2 Article 87. Right to register marks25.3 Article 88. Right to register geographical indications25.4 Article 89. Methods of filing an application for registration of establishment of industrial property rights25.5 Article 90. "First to file" principle25.6 Article 91. Priority principle25.7 Article 92. Protection titles25.8 Article 93. Validity of protection titles25.9 Article 94. Maintenance and extension of validity of protection titles25.10 Article 95. Termination of validity of protection titles25.11 Article 96. Cancellation of effectiveness of protection titles25.12 Article 97. Amendments to protection titles25.13 Article 98. National Register of Industrial Property25.14 Article 99. Publication of decisions relating to protection titles
26.1 Article 100. General requirements applicable to applications for registration of industrial property26.2 Article 101. Requirements on the uniformity of an application for registration of industrial property26.3 Article 102. Requirements on applications for registration of inventions26.4 Article 103. Requirements on applications for registration of industrial designs26.5 Article 104. Requirements on applications for registration of layout designs26.6 Article 105. Requirements on applications for registration of marks26.7 Article 106. Requirements on applications for registration of geographical indications26.8 Article 107 Authorized representation in procedures related to industrial property rights
27.1 Article 108. Receipt of applications for registration of industrial property, and filing dates27.2 Article 109. Formal examination of applications for registration of industrial property27.3 Article 110. Publication of applications for registration of industrial property27.4 Article 111. Confidentiality of applications for registration of inventions and industrial designs prior to publication thereof27.5 Article 112. Third party opinions on the grant of protection titles27.6 Article 113. Request for substantive examination of applications for registration of inventions27.7 Article 114. Substantive examination of applications for registration of industrial property27.8 Article 115. Amendment, supplementation, division and conversion of applications for registration of industrial property27.9 Article 116. Withdrawal of applications for registration of industrial property27.10 Article 117. Refusal to grant protection titles27.11 Article 118. Grant of protection titles, entry into the register27.12 Article 119. Time-limit for processing applications for registration of industrial property
28.1 Article 120. International applications and processing of international applications
30.1 Article 121. Owners of industrial property objects30.2 Article 122. Authors of inventions, industrial designs and layout designs and their rights30.3 Article 123. Rights of owners of industrial property objects30.4 Article 124. Use of industrial property objects30.5 Article 125. Right to prevent others from using industrial property objects30.6 Article 126. Acts of infringement of rights to inventions, industrial designs and layout designs30.7 Article 127. Acts of infringement of the right to trade secrets30.8 Article 128. Obligation to maintain secrecy of test data30.9 Article 129. Acts of infringement of rights to marks, trade names and geographical indications30.10 Article 130. Acts of unfair competition30.11 Article 131. Provisional rights to inventions, industrial designs and layout designs
31.1 Article 132. Factors limiting industrial property rights31.2 Article 133. Right to use inventions on behalf of the State31.3 Article 134. Right of prior use of inventions and industrial designs31.4 Article 135. Obligation to pay remuneration to authors of inventions, industrial designs and layout designs31.5 Article 136. Obligation to use inventions and marks31.6 Article 137. Obligation to authorize the use of principal inventions for the purpose of using dependent inventions
33.1 Article 138. General provisions on assignment of industrial property rights33.2 Article 139. Restrictions on assignment of industrial property rights33.3 Article 140. Contents of industrial property right assignment contracts
34.1 Article 141. General provisions on licensing of industrial property rights34.2 Article 142. Restrictions on licensing of industrial property objects34.3 Article 143. Types of industrial property object licence contracts34.4 Article 144. Contents of industrial property object licence contracts
5.1 Article 145. Grounds for compulsory licensing of inventions35.2 Article 146. Conditions limiting the right to use inventions compulsorily licensed pursuant to a decision35.3 Article 147. Authority and procedures for compulsorily licensing of an invention pursuant to a decision
36.1 Article 148. Validity of contracts for transfer of industrial property rights36.2 Article 149. Application file for registration of a contract for transfer of industrial property rights36.3 Article 150. Processing application files for registration of contracts for transfer of industrial property rights
37.1 Article 151. Industrial property representation services37.2 Article 152. Scope of rights of industrial property representatives37.3 Article 153. Responsibilities of industrial property representatives37.4 Article 154. Conditions applicable to industrial property representation service business37.5 Article 155. Conditions applicable to industrial property representation service practices37.6 Article 156. Recording and deleting names of industrial property representation service organizations; withdrawal of industrial property representation service practising certificates
39.1 Article 157. Organizations and individuals whose rights to plant varieties are eligible for protection39.2 Article 158. General conditions for plant varieties to be eligible for protection39.3 Article 159. Novelty of a plant variety39.4 Article 160. Distinctness of a plant variety39.5 Article 161. Uniformity of a plant variety
39.6 Article 163. Denominations of plant varieties
41.1 Article 164. Registration of rights to plant varieties41.2 Article 165. Method of filing applications for registration of rights to plant varieties41.3 Article 166. "First to file" principle applicable to plant varieties41.4 Article 167. Priority principle applicable to protection registration applications41.5 Article 168. Plant variety protection certificates, and the National Register of Protected Plant Varieties41.6 Article 169. Validity of plant variety protection certificates41.7 Article 170. Suspension and restoration of validity of plant variety protection certificates41.8 Article 171. Cancellation of effectiveness of plant variety protection certificates41.9 Article 172. Amendment and re-grant of plant variety protection certificates41.10 Article 173. Publication of decisions related to plant variety protection certificates
42.1 Article 174. Applications for registration for protection42.2 Article 175. Receipt of applications for registration for protection, and filing dates42.3 Article 176. Formal examination of applications for registration for protection42.4 Article 177. Publication of applications for registration for protection42.5 Article 178. Substantive examination of contents of applications for registration for protection42.6 Article 179. Amendment and supplementation of applications for registration for protection42.7 Article 180. Withdrawal of applications for registration for protection42.8 Article 181. Opinions of third parties on the grant of a plant variety protection certificate42.9 Article 182. Refusal to grant a plant variety protection certificate42.10 Article 183. Grant of plant variety protection certificates42.11 Article 184 Complaints about the grant or the refusal to grant a plant variety protection certificate
44.1 Article 185. Rights of breeders of plant varieties44.2 Article 186. Rights of protection certificate holders44.3 Article 187. Extension of rights of protection certificate holders44.4 Article 188. Acts constituting an infringement of the right to a plant variety44.5 Article 189. Provisional rights to plant varieties
45.1 Article 190. Limitations on rights of plant variety protection certificate holders45.2 Article 191. Obligations of protection certificate holders and breeders of plant varieties
46.1 Article 192. Licensing of plant varieties46.2 Article 193. Rights of parties to a licensing contract46.3 Article 194. Assignment of rights to plant varieties46.4 Article 195. Bases and conditions for compulsory licensing of plant varieties46.5 Article 196. Authority and procedures for licensing of plant varieties pursuant to compulsory decisions
48.1 Article 198. Right to self-protection48.2 Article 199. Remedies when dealing with acts of infringement of intellectual property rights48.3 Article 200. Authority for dealing with acts of infringement of intellectual property rights48.4 Article 201. Intellectual property assessment
49.1 Article 202. Civil remedies49.2 Article 203. Burden of proof of litigants949.3 Article 204. Principles for determining loss and damage caused by an infringement of intellectual property rights49.4 Article 205. Bases for determining amount of damages for loss and damage caused by an infringement of intellectual property rights49.5 Article 206. Right to request the court to apply provisional urgent measures49.6 Article 207. Provisional urgent measures49.7 Article 208. Obligations of applicants for provisional urgent measures49.8 Article 209. Cancellation of application of provisional urgent measures49.9 Article 210. Authority and procedures for application of provisional urgent measures
51.1 Article 211. Acts of infringement of industrial property rights which shall be subject to administrative penalties51.2 Article 212. Acts of infringement of industrial property rights which shall be subject to criminal penalties51.3 Article 213. Intellectual property counterfeit goods51.4 Article 214. Forms of administrative penalty and measures for remedying consequences51.5 Article 215. Preventive measures and/or measures to secure enforcement of administrative penalties
52.1 Article 216. Measures to control intellectual property related imports and exports52.2 Article 217. Obligations of applicants for measures to control intellectual property related imports and exports52.3 Article 218. Procedures for application of the measure of suspension of customs procedures52.4 Article 219. Inspection and supervision to detect goods showing signs of infringement of intellectual property rights
53.1 Article 220. Transitional provisions53.2 Article 221. Effectiveness
